The European Union gave its blessing on Friday for Ukraine and its neighbour Moldova to become candidates to join, in the most dramatic geopolitical shift to result from Russia’s invasion.
“Ukrainians are ready to die for the European perspective,” European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen told a news conference, wearing Ukrainian colours – a yellow blazer over a blue blouse.
“We want them to live with us the European dream.”
It was only the start of a process that could take many years, but it puts Kyiv on course to realise a goal that would have been far beyond its reach just months ago.
Ukraine applied to join the EU just four days after Russian troops poured across its border in February. Four days later, so did Moldova and Georgia – smaller ex-Soviet states also contending with separatist regions occupied by Russian troops.
“It’s the first step on the EU membership path that’ll certainly bring our victory closer,” tweeted President Voldymyr Zelenskiy, thanking von der Leyen and EU members for the decision.
When President Vladimir Putin ordered his “special military operation” to disarm and “denazify” Ukraine, one of his main objectives was to halt the expansion of Western institutions which he called a threat to Russia.
But the war, which has killed thousands of people, destroyed whole cities and set millions to flight, has had the opposite effect. Finland and Sweden have applied to join the NATO military alliance, and the EU has now opened its arms to the east.
Leaders of EU countries are expected to endorse the decision at a summit next week. The leaders of the three biggest – Germany, France and Italy – had signalled their solidarity on Thursday by visiting Kyiv, along with the president of Romania.
“Ukraine belongs to the European family,” Germany’s Olaf Scholz said after meeting Zelenskiy.
Moldova’s President Maia Sandu hailed a “strong signal of support for Moldova and our citizens” and said her government was “committed to working hard” to enact the necessary reforms.
Joining the EU requires years of administrative reform – there are 35 “chapters of the acquis” setting out standards to meet in areas from judicial policy and financial services to food safety. Nor is membership guaranteed – talks have been stalled for years with Turkey, a candidate since 1999.
But the ambition to extend the EU deep into the heart of the former Soviet Union amounts to a shift on par with the decision in the 1990s to welcome the ex-Communist countries of Eastern Europe.
“Precisely because of the bravery of the Ukrainians, Europe can create a new history of freedom, and finally remove the grey zone in Eastern Europe between the EU and Russia,” Zelenskiy said in his nightly video address.
If admitted, Ukraine would be the EU’s largest country by area and its fifth most populous. All three hopefuls are far poorer than any existing EU members, with per capita output around half that of the poorest, Bulgaria.
All three have recent histories of volatile politics, domestic unrest, entrenched organised crime, and unresolved conflicts with Russian-backed separatists proclaiming sovereignty over territory protected by Moscow’s troops.
But in Zelenskiy, 44, and Sandu, 50, Ukraine and Moldova both now have young pro-Western leaders with solid, recent electoral mandates, representing a generation that came of age outside the Soviet Union.
While recommending candidate status for Ukraine and Moldova, the Commission held off for more volatile Georgia, which it said must meet more conditions. Von der Leyen said Georgia had a strong application but had to come together politically.
